Topographic Change Detection And Sediment Budgeting At Segment, Reach, and Morphological Unit Scales After a Flood of 20 Times Bankfull Discharge (#47)
Quantification of changes in channel morphology provides a means for monitoring rates and directions of landform change relevant to ecosystem services. For this study, a meter-scale difference of digital elevation models (DoD) was done for ~35-km of the gravel-cobble, regulated lower Yuba River (LYR) for the period 1999-2008. Along with smaller events, a flood of 20 times bankfull discharge occurred during this period. Using the DoD data, topographic change areas, volumes, and depths were stratified to evaluate how the large flood impacted the river at segment, reach, and morphologic unit scales. At the segment scale, when change was stratified by occurrence in or out of the bankfull channel, a higher volume percent of fill than scour occurred in the channel (net fill rate of 5.8 cm per decade), while the opposite was true overbank (net scour rate of -3.8 cm per decade). At the reach scale, 2 of the upstream 3 reaches were net erosional, while the 3 downstream reaches were net depositional. The entrenchment ratio had the most explanatory power governing fill area and net elevation change among reaches. Morphological units were mapped for the 2008 landscape, so the stratified DoD indicates changes that created the units, not how pre-existing units changed. Erosion preferentially aided the differentiation of cutbank, pool, chute, and run units (in decreasing order). Riffles were also net scoured, but the net elevation change was only 35% of that for pools, indicating maintenance of riffle-pool relief. Fill preferentially aided the differentiation of point bars and islands.